The role of rewards and demands in burnout among surgical nurses

Job rewards have both, an intrinsic and an extrinsic motivational potential, and lead to employees’ development as well as help them to achieve work goals. Rewards can balance job demands and protect from burnout. Due to changes on the labour market, new studies are needed. The aim of our study was to examine the role of demands and individual rewards (and their absence) in burnout among surgical nurses. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in 2009 and 2010 with 263 nurses who worked in surgical wards and clinics in hospitals in Southern Poland. The hypotheses were tested by the use of measures of demands and rewards (Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire by Siegrist) and burnout syndrome (Maslach Burnout Inventory). A cross-sectional, correlational study design was applied. Results: Nurses experienced the largest deficiencies in salary and prestige. Exhaustion was explained by stronger demands and lack of respect (large effect). Depersonalization was explained by stronger demands, lack of respect and greater job security (medium effect). Reduced personal achievement was explained by more demands and greater job security (small effect). Conclusions: Excessive demands and lack of esteem are key reasons for burnout among surgical nurses. Job security can increase burnout when too many resources are invested and career opportunities do not appear. These results may help to improve human resource management in the healthcare sector

Can empathy lead to emotional exhaustion in teachers? The mediating role of emotional labor

Objectives: The present study was designed to examine the links between empathy, emotional labor (both surface and deep acting), and emotional exhaustion as well as determine if emotional labor mediates the relationship between empathy and emotional exhaustion in teachers. It was assumed that emotional labor can take two opposite directions (positive mood induction and negative mood induction). Thus, the additional aim of the study was to analyze the mediating role of mood regulation strategies in the relationship between empathy and emotional exhaustion. Materials and Methods: A sample of 168 teachers from Łódź and its surroundings completed a set of questionnaires: Emotional Labor Scale; Mood Regulation Scales, Maslach Burnout Inventory, and Empathic Sensitivity Scale. Results: The results provided mixed support for the hypotheses indicating that both types of emotional labor, negative mood induction and emotional exhaustion were positively intercorrelated. Moreover, deep acting was a significant mediator in the relationship between empathy and emotional exhaustion. The analyzed link was also mediated by negative mood induction, whereas positive mood induction did not emerge as a significant mediator. Conclusions: The study provided insight into the role of empathy and emotional labor in the development of teacher burnout. It also confirmed that deep acting and negative mood induction mediate the relationship between empathy and emotional exhaustion in teachers

Contents of cadmium, nickeland lead in roots of small radish, Sopel Lodu cv., as affected by the FeSO4 7H2O

Przeprowadzone w latach 1998-1999 doświadczenie wazonowe na glebie o składzie granulometrycznym piasku gliniastego mocnego z rzodkiewką odmiany Sopel Lodu wskazują że: 1. Stosowanie hydratu siarczanu (VI) żelaza (II) na tle nawozów mineralnych bez dodatku i z dodatkiem metali ciężkich (Cd, Ni, Pb) nie miało wpływu na kształtowanie się plonów, oraz obniżyło koncentrację kadmu, niklu i ołowiu w badanej roślinie, 2. Wprowadzenie do gleby preparatu zawierającego Cd, Ni, Pb bardzo wyraźnie wpłynęło na wzrost koncentracji w korzeniach rzodkiewki.A pot experiment with small radish Sopel Lodu cv. grown on loamy sand, indicated that: the application of FeSO₄·7 H₂O with and without addition of heavy metals (Cd, Ni, Pb), as compared to mineral fertilization, did not influence the yield but decreased the concentrations of cadmium, nickel, and lead in investigated plant. Incorporation of a preparation containing Cd, Ni, and Pb into soil very markedly increased their concentrations in roots of small radish

Psychological wellbeing in a Turkish-Canadian sample

The study examined predictors of psychological wellbeing in a sample of 181 Turkish immigrants living in Toronto, Canada. Depression and life satisfaction were employed as indicators of psychological wellbeing. A model was put forth in which proactive coping and optimism were hypothesized to predict negatively to depression and positively to life satisfaction. Proactive coping consists of efforts to build up general resources that facilitate the achievement of challenging goals and promotes personal growth and was expected to contribute to the prediction of psychological wellbeing over and above the effects of optimism. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted with life satisfaction and depression as criteria and demographics, optimism, and proactive coping as predictors. In general, the results supported the hypotheses; the model fit better when the criterion was depression than when life satisfaction was the criterion